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More precisely, UNCORRECTED aerial photos are not maps; an uncorrected aerial photo provides only a single-point perspective of the surface of the Earth. It also contains a range of distortions, some of which include the imperfections in the camera lens/sensor, platform ephemeris conditions (altitude, position, the velocity of the camera or sensor and the timing of the data capture), the atmosphere and the topography of the terrain (relief dostortion).
To transform an aerial photo from an “image” into a “map”, these need to be corrected. This can be done in numerous ways that fall into one of these three categories:
The terms you will hear most commonly among geospatial professionals are Orthorectification and Georectification. There are many ways to these processes, but understanding the difference between them is critically important.
Orthorectification is a very accurate method of correcting an image to align with realworld coordinates creating a true map. Orthorectification involves precisly measuring the exact location of the photo center and the exact angle of the camera when the image is acquired. Also required are the camera calibration parameters (to remove camera and lens induced distortions) and an elevation model (DEM) of the earth (to remove terrain induced distortions).
Georectification (sometimes incorrectly called Georeferencing) is a method of stretching and warping an image to align with a map or other spatial data in a Geographic Information System (GIS). Ground Control Points … are taken at visible physical features on the landscape. The resulting accuracy can never exceed the accuracy of the reference data (a 1:24000 USGS topo is only accurate to within 20 meters).
Image-to-map rectification and image-to-image coregistration methods are most commonly used by those who register their applied geospatial research with SAL. If you would like more information, or assistance with accessing geospatial data to transform and image you wish to work with, you can register your research and come and see us 🙂
To get an aerial photo from a “map” to “data”, you will need to undertake another series of analytical processes into consideration. To get you started, here are some questions to ponder:
Again, if your research is registered, you know where to find us if you want to have a chat!
That’s good to know that you need to correct an aerial image before you can use it as a map. I can see why you would need to correct things like different altitudes and the atmosphere. That’s cool that you can turn aerial images into a to-scale map.
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